bOLETINES
Publicaciones Cientificas
ABSTRACT
Pyrethroids are a class of insecticides used widely for vector control programs. Acute pyrethroid poisoning is rare, but well documented, whereas effects of cumulative exposure are insufficiently described, including possible negative effect on glucose regulation. The objective of this study was to investigate an association between exposure to pyrethroids and abnormal glucose regulation (prediabetes or diabetes). A cross-sectional study was performed among 116 pesticide sprayers from public vector control programs in Bolivia and 92 nonexposed controls. Pesticide exposure (duration, intensity, cumulative exposure) was assessed from questionnaire data. Participants were asked about symptoms of diabetes. Blood samples were analyzed for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a measure of glucose regulation. No association was found between pyrethroid exposure and diabetes symptoms. The prevalence of abnormal glucose regulation (defined as HbA1c ≥ 5.6%) was 61.1% among sprayers and 7.9% among nonexposed controls, corresponding to an adjusted odds ratio (OR [95% confidence interval]) for all sprayers of 11.8 [4.2–33.2] and 18.5 [5.5–62.5] for pyrethroid-exposed only. Among sprayers who had only used pyrethroids, a significant positive trend was observed between cumulative pesticide exposure (total number of hours sprayed) and adjusted OR of abnormal glucose regulation, with OR 14.7 [0.9–235] in the third exposure quintile. The study found a severely increased prevalence of prediabetes among Bolivian pesticide sprayers compared with a control group, but the relevance of the control group is critical. Within the spraying group, an association between cumulative exposure to pyrethroids and abnormal glucose regulation was seen. Further studies are needed to confirm this association.
ABTRACT
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition caused by 21 chromosome trisomy, characterized by multisystemic disease with main neurobiological damage. The frequency is 1/700 live births. It entails an effect of gene dose excess that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various comorbidities in DS such as congenital heart disease, thyroid dysgenesis, refractive errors, hematological disorders, etc. The study's objective was determine the comorbidities frequency in people with DS from La Paz city in Bolivia through a descriptive cross-sectional survey with multidisciplinary and interinstitutional assessments. Most of observed comorbidities are in parameters reported in other population studies, however striking a high frequency of pulmonary arterial hypertension (93%), thyroid gland hypoplasia (90%), refractive errors (90 %), kidney pieloectasy (30%) and eritrocitosis (10%), as our population findings regarding the genetic and environmental conditions ( high altitude over the sea level). The prevalence of medical conditions in people with SD affects negatively their life quality and expectancy. However, there are medical, educational and social strategies for DS persons, searching for prevention and monitoring to improve their life quality and quantity.
Abstract
RESUMEN
Las cromosomopatías son numéricas o estructurales, afectando autosomas o gonosomas. Las más frecuentes son las trisomías 21, 18, y 13. Son motivo frecuente de abortos espontáneos, recién nacidos multimalformados, infertilidad, etc. Conllevan un alto grado de comorbilidad, con diagnóstico precoz y asesoría genética, se logra que las condiciones de vida tanto del afectado como de su familia mejoren. El objetivo fue determinar la frecuencia de cromosomopatías en el Instituto de Genética de la UMSA (2011-2015), por medio de un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal. Dentro de los resultados encontramos que se realizaron un total de 1070 estudios citogenéticos, siendo euploides un 69% pacientes, dentro de éstos encontramos un 0,7% de polimorfismos (46,XY,21pss+ ; 46,X,Yqh+++; 46,XY,9qh+; 46,XY,15pst++; 46,XX;14stk+++). Dentro de los cariotipos aneuploides (31%) encontramos 88% de aberraciones cromosómicas constitutivas, y 12% de adquiridas. Las cromosomopatías más frecuentes fueron la trisomía 21, monosomía del X y translocaciones.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: Evaluar el riesgo genotóxico en los lustracalzados expuestos laboralmente al betún y sus componentes. Material y métodos: Estudio de casos-controles y autocontroles. Se estudiaron 53 lustracalzados y 24 controles. Se determinó el daño genotóxico mediante la técnica de micronúcleos y otras alteraciones metanucleadas en mucosa bucal. Resultados: Las edades promedio del grupo de expuestos y controles fue de 35.0±8.8 y 27.8±1.5 respectivamente. El grupo de expuestos estuvo conformado varones (83%) y mujeres (17%), con un promedio de años de trabajo de 13.4±7.6, de los cuales la mayoría no usa medidas de protección laboral (73.6%). No se observó diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de alteraciones metanucleadas entre el grupo de expuesto y controles: binucleadas (BN) (p=0.273), broken egg (BE) (p=0.635), carriorexis (CR) (p=0.677), cariolisis (CL) (p=0.770), índice de reparación celular (p=0.201). El análisis de asociación entre exposición y genotoxicidad demostró que el uso del betún no es un factor de riesgo. La evaluación pre y post exposición al betún del grupo de lustracalzados no obtuvo diferencias significativas luego del periodo ventana para BN (p=0.804), BE (p=1.274), CR (p=0.503), CL (p= 1.000) e IR (p=0.424).